Food Allergy Guidelines for Schools and Childcare Facilities.

Among controversial new recommendations: doing away with categorical food bans.

Beyond childcare: Changes in the amount and types of parent-child time over three decades.

Parents' time with children has increased over the past several decades, according to many scholars. Yet, research predominantly focuses on childcare activities, overlooking the majority of time that parents spend with children. Using time diaries from the 1986-2015 Canadian General Social Survey, we examine trends in the quantity and distribution of parents' childcare time and total co-present time in the company of children, as well as the behavioral or compositional drivers of these trends. Co-present time with children increased sharply since the mid-1980s, by 1 hour per day for fathers and 1.5 hours for mothers. This rise was driven not only by childcare activities, but also parents' time in housework and mothers' time in leisure with children present. Decomposition analyses indicate that changes in parenting behavior primarily explain these increases in co-present time. This study expands knowledge on intensive parenting through a more comprehensive understanding of parents' daily lives with children.

Selon de nombreux chercheurs, le temps que les parents passent avec leurs enfants a augmenté au cours des dernières décennies. Pourtant, la recherche se concentre principalement sur les activités de garde d'enfants, négligeant la majorité du temps que les parents passent avec les enfants. À l'aide d'agendas tirés de l'Enquête sociale générale canadienne de 1986 à 2015, nous examinons les tendances relatives à la quantité et à la répartition du temps passé par les parents à s'occuper des enfants et du temps total de coprésence en compagnie des enfants, ainsi que les facteurs comportementaux ou compositionnels de ces tendances. Le temps de coprésence avec les enfants a fortement augmenté depuis le milieu des années 1980, de 1 heure par jour pour les pères et de 1,5 heure pour les mères. Cette augmentation est due non seulement aux activités de garde d'enfants, mais aussi au temps consacré par les parents aux tâches ménagères et par les mères aux loisirs en présence des enfants. Les analyses de décomposition indiquent que les changements de comportement parental expliquent principalement ces augmentations du temps de coprésence. Cette étude élargit les connaissances sur la parentalité intensive par une compréhension plus complète de la vie quotidienne des parents avec les enfants.

Fathers' involvement in child care activities: Qualitative findings from the highlands of Madagascar.

Few studies have investigated fathers' roles in child care in Madagascar. This study explored the perceptions, attitudes, and practices regarding fathers' involvement in child care using qualitative methods. Ten focus group discussions were conducted among parents of children aged 6-23 months; seven were among mothers, and three among fathers. In-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 8) were also conducted with key informants. Discussions and interviews were audio-recorded and the verbatim transcripts in Malagasy were translated into English. Data were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach. Provision of financial and material support as well as teaching and playing with the child were the main perceived roles of fathers. In practice, fathers spent their time alone with their children playing and holding them when the mother was unavailable. Busy schedules and separation due to work were major barriers to fathers' involvement. Traditional gender roles for child care in which the mother is seen as primarily responsible for the child were salient across the data. Consequently, men involved in child care activities and their wives were often criticized by the community. Nevertheless, there was self-reported interest from both mothers and fathers in involving men more in child care. Interventions aimed to increase fathers' involvement in child care may be more successful when they focus on shifting the community perceptions on the division of responsibilities between fathers and mothers.

Who Is Caring for Health Care Workers' Families Amid COVID-19?

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, women in medicine, including faculty, residents, medical students, and other health care workers (HCWs), are facing unparalleled challenges. The burdens of pandemic-associated increases in domestic and caregiving responsibilities, professional demands, health risks associated with contracting COVID-19, and the resulting psychosocial distress have exacerbated existing gender disparities at home, at work, and in academia. School and day care closures have created additional childcare needs, primarily for women, yet little support exists for parents and families. These increased childcare and domestic responsibilities have forced women HCWs, who make up the overwhelming majority of the workforce, to adapt their schedules and, in some cases, leave their jobs entirely. In this article, the authors detail how COVID-19 has exacerbated existing childcare accessibility and affordability issues as well as gender disparities. They argue that unless government and health care organization support for childcare increases, families, specifically women and children, will continue to suffer. Lack of access to affordable childcare can prevent HCWs from doing their jobs, including conducting and publishing academic scholarship. This poses incalculable risks to families, science, and society. COVID-19 should serve as a call to action to all sectors, including the government and health care organizations, to prioritize childcare provision and increase support for women HCWs, both now during the pandemic and going forward.

COVID-19 Transmission in US Child Care Programs.

OBJECTIVES: Central to the debate over school and child care reopening is whether children are efficient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmitters and are likely to increase community spread when programs reopen. We compared COVID-19 outcomes in child care providers who continued to provide direct in-person child care during the first 3 months of the US COVID-19 pandemic with outcomes in those who did not. METHODS: Data were obtained from US child care providers (N = 57 335) reporting whether they had ever tested positive or been hospitalized for COVID-19 (n = 427 cases) along with their degree of exposure to child care. Background transmission rates were controlled statistically, and other demographic, programmatic, and community variables were explored as potential confounders. Logistic regression analysis was used in both unmatched and propensity score-matched case-control analyses. RESULTS: No association was found between exposure to child care and COVID-19 in both unmatched (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1.38) and matched (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.73-1.21) analyses. In matched analysis, being a home-based provider (as opposed to a center-based provider) was associated with COVID-19 (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.14-2.23) but revealed no interaction with exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Within the context of considerable infection mitigation efforts in US child care programs, exposure to child care during the early months of the US pandemic was not associated with an elevated risk for COVID-19 transmission to providers. These findings must be interpreted only within the context of background transmission rates and the considerable infection mitigation efforts implemented in child care programs.

Reorganizações familiares no contexto do cuidado ao bebê com Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus / Reorganizaciones familiares en el contexto del cuidado al bebé con síndrome del Zika Virus / Family restructuring in the context of baby's care with Zika Virus Congenital Syndrome

O artigo trata de experiências de familiares no cuidado de crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZV) e objetiva analisar o impacto do nascimento do bebê com malformação, as reorganizações psíquicas parentais e seus desdobramentos no cuidado, particularmente o materno. Foi adotada abordagem psicossocial, de base psicanalítica, em diálogo com estudos do campo da Saúde Coletiva. São analisadas narrativas de familiares de 32 encontros grupais realizados em ambulatório de um Instituto de Pesquisa no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, em 2017. O processo de análise pautou-se na psicossociologia e na análise temática. Angústias, incertezas e sobrecarga marcaram a experiência parental. As dificuldades de desenvolvimento do bebê levaram os pais a um modo singular de lidar com seus filhos e à construção de caminhos de esperança e resistência. O protagonismo materno tornou-se a base para lutas nas áreas social, de saúde e educação. (AU)

El artículo trata sobre experiencias familiares en el cuidado de niños con Síndrome Congénito del Zika Virus y su objetivo es analizar el impacto del nacimiento del bebé con malformación, las reorganizaciones psíquicas parentales y sus desdoblamientos en el cuidado, particularmente el materno. Se adoptó el abordaje psicosocial, de base psicoanalítica, en diálogo con estudios del campo de la Salud Colectiva. Se analizaron narrativas de familiares de 32 encuentros grupales realizados en ambulatorio del Instituto de Investigación en Río de Janeiro, Brasil, en 2017. El proceso de análisis se pautó en la psicosociología y el análisis temático. Angustias, incertidumbres y sobrecarga señalaron la experiencia parental. Las dificultades de desarrollo del bebé llevaron a los padres a un modo singular de lidiar con sus hijos y a la construcción de caminos de esperanza y resistencia. El protagonismo materno se convirtió en la base para luchas en las áreas social, de salud y de educación. (AU)

This paper addresses family members' experiences in the care of children with the Zika Virus Congenital Syndrome. It aims to analyze the impact of the birth of babies with malformations, the parents' psychological restructuring - especially the mothers' - and the implications in the baby's care. A psychosocial, psychoanalytical approach was adopted in dialogue with Public Health studies. We analyzed the narratives of family members who attended 32 group meetings conductedin an outpatient clinic of a Research Institute in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2017. The analysis was based on psychosociology and thematic analysis. Anguish, uncertainties, and overload marked parental experience. The baby's developmental difficulties led parents to a unique way of dealing with their children and building hope and resistance paths. Maternal leadership became the basis for struggles in the social, health, and education fields. (AU)

Childcare Physical Activity Interventions: A Discussion of Similarities and Differences and Trends, Issues, and Recommendations.

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings have a pivotal role in the promotion of physical activity for young children, and thus, the number of ECEC-based physical activity interventions has exponentially increased in the last two decades. The aim of this study was three-fold: (1) to discuss some of the similarities and differences in ECEC-based physical activity interventions, (2) to highlight current trends and issues in the ECEC sector relating to such interventions, and (3) to provide recommendations for future interventions. Twenty-four individual studies are discussed. Most studies have targeted children aged between 3 and 5 years and involved children participating in additional physical activity opportunities while at childcare. In all studies, educators participated in some professional development either prior or during the intervention. Less the half of the studies discussed reported significant positive changes in physical activity outcomes. Those involved in developing future interventions will need to consider current national and international trends in the ECEC sector (e.g., over-crowded curriculum, administrative requirements, and more highly-qualified educators devoting time for business development), as well as creative and unique ways of delivering ECEC-based physical activity interventions.

Nurses' moral deliberation in the child care process.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the nurses' moral deliberation in the face of an ethical problem involving breastfeeding. METHOD: Qualitative study based on the methodological theoretical framework of deliberative bioethics. Data collection was through a vignette-based interview and results were organized by thematic analysis. RESULTS: Nurses tend to take over intermediate courses of action, although extreme courses of action are found as well. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: When they tend to take extreme courses of action, nurses approach decisions focused on the child welfare to the detriment of the mother's need as a working woman.

Center-based childcare expansion and grandparents' employment and well-being.

Grandparents, especially grandmothers, are highly involved in childcare globally. There is a rising interest in studying the relationship between providing care and grandmothers' economic well-being in social science and health literature. However, little is known about how grandmothers' behavior responds to a government's family policy. This paper examines the effects of a large government-led formal childcare expansion on the well-being of working-age grandparents living with their adult children in China. We exploit the variation in program intensity across provinces and years and find that a higher coverage rate of center-based childcare increases the employment of grandmothers. By contrast, grandfathers' employment is not responsive. Further investigation reveals that the effect is stronger among the women who were richer, more educated, lived in urban areas, and paternal grandmothers. We find that the childcare expansion decreases grandmothers' chance of having chronic disease and depression.

Maternal schizophrenia and out-of-home placements of offspring: A national follow-up study among Finnish women born 1965-1980 and their children.

Schizophrenia may affect a mother's ability to parent. We investigated out-of-home placements among children with a biological mother having schizophrenia, and their relation to maternal characteristics and adverse perinatal health outcomes of the offspring. For each Finnish woman born between 1 JAN 1965 - 31 DEC 1980 and diagnosed with schizophrenia before 31 DEC 2013 (n = 5214), five matched controls were randomly selected from the Finnish Central Population Register. Children born to these women were identified and followed till 31 DEC 2013. The Child Welfare Register, the Medical Birth Register and the Register of Congenital Malformations were used to gather information. Altogether 35.1% of children with an affected mother and 3.2% of control children were placed out of home during the follow-up. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of out-of-home placement among children with an affected mother was 12.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 10.80-13.46) when children with a non-affected mother served as a reference. Single motherhood (IRR 2.2, 95% Cl 1.88-2.60) and maternal smoking (IRR 1.9, 95% Cl 1.68-2.16), but not an adverse perinatal outcome of the offspring, increased the risk of out-of-home placement. To conclude, maternal schizophrenia is a strong risk factor for placement of children in out-of-home care.

Contribuições da Primeira Infância Melhor para o crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil na percepção das famílias / Contributions of Better Childhood for Growth and child development in family perception / Contribuciones de la Primera Infancia Mejor para el crecimiento y desarrollo infantil en la percepción de las familias

Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones de las familias atendidas por la primera infancia mejor sobre su impacto en el crecimiento y desarrollo del niño y el cuidado de la familia. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo realizado con 15 familias. Los datos fueron recogidos por entrevistas en Septiembre de 2016 seguido de análisis temático. Resultados: El crecimiento y el desarrollo son procesos que ocurren al mismo tiempo, reconocieron el apoyo de los visitantes, que las situaciones de vulnerabilidad y el cambio constante de los visitantes interfieren negativamente con el crecimiento y desarrollo del niño, el programa ofrece oportunidades para construir el aprendizaje y el fortalecimiento una atención familiar efectiva. Conclusión: Se recomienda que la enfermería se incluye con el equipo interdisciplinario y que lo primera infancia mejor se visto en la atención primaria como una estrategia para fortalecer la promoción de la salud y la atención integral a los niños y sus familias

Objective: To know the perceptions of the families served by best childhood first about their repercussions on children's growth and development and on the family care of children. Methods: Qualitative study carried in the household of 15 families. Data were collected by semi structured interviews in September 2016 followed by analysis of thematic content. Results: They identified that growing and developing are processes that occur together, acknowledged the support of the visitors, that situations of vulnerability and the constant exchange of visitors interfere in the growth and development of children, that the program offers the construction of learning and strengthening of Effective family care. Conclusion: It is recommended that nursing be included in the interdisciplinary team, and that the best childhood first be visualized in primary care as a strategy capable of strengthening the promotion of health and the integral care for the child and his family

Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções das famílias atendidas pelo Primeira Infância Melhor acerca de suas repercussões no crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil e no cuidado familial das crianças. Método: Estudo qualitativo realizado no domicílio de 15 famílias. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semi estruturadas, em setembro de 2016, seguidas da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Identificaram que crescer e se desenvolver são processos que ocorrem em conjunto, reconheceram o apoio dos visitadores, que situações de vulnerabilidade e a troca constante dos visitadores interferem negativamente no crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil, que o programa oportuniza a construção do aprendizado e fortalecimento de um cuidado familial efetivo. Conclusão: Recomenda-se que a enfermagem esteja incluída junto à equipe interdisciplinar, e que o Primeira Infância Melhor seja visualizado na atenção primária como uma estratégia capaz de fortalecer a promoção da saúde e a integralidade do cuidado à criança e sua família

Nurses' moral deliberation in the child care process / Deliberación moral de los enfermeros en el proceso de cuidado de los niños / Deliberação moral de enfermeiros no processo de cuidar de crianças

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the nurses' moral deliberation in the face of an ethical problem involving breastfeeding. Method: Qualitative study based on the methodological theoretical framework of deliberative bioethics. Data collection was through a vignette-based interview and results were organized by thematic analysis. Results: Nurses tend to take over intermediate courses of action, although extreme courses of action are found as well. Final considerations: When they tend to take extreme courses of action, nurses approach decisions focused on the child welfare to the detriment of the mother's need as a working woman.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender la deliberación moral de los enfermeros que enfrentan un problema ético relacionado con la lactancia materna. Método: Investigación cualitativa, basada en el marco teórico metodológico de la bioética deliberativa. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante una entrevista basada en viñeta y los resultados se organizaron mediante el análisis temático. Resultados: Los enfermeros tienden a tomar cursos de acción intermedios, sin embargo, se encuentran cursos de acción extremos. Consideraciones finales: Cuando tienden a tomar cursos de acción extremos, los enfermeros abordan las decisiones sobre el bienestar del niño, en detrimento de las necesidades de la madre como mujer trabajadora.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a deliberação moral de enfermeiros diante de um problema ético envolvendo o aleitamento materno. Método: Estudo qualitativo, fundamentado no referencial teórico-metodológico da bioética deliberativa. A coleta de dados foi através de entrevista orientada por vinheta e os resultados foram organizados por análise temática. Resultados: Os enfermeiros tendem a assumir cursos de ações intermediários, todavia, são encontrados cursos de ação extremos. Considerações finais: Quando tendem a cursos de ação extremos, os enfermeiros acercam-se das decisões voltadas para o bem-estar da criança, em detrimento das necessidades da mãe, enquanto mulher trabalhadora.

Qualificação do cuidado a puericultura: uma intervenção em serviço na Estratégia de Saúde da Família / Qualification of the childcare approach: an intervention in the Family Health Strategy Service / Calificación del cuidado de los niños: intervención en servicio en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia

Objetivo: O estudo apresenta o relato de experiência de uma intervenção que teve como objetivo qualificar a puericultura em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família no município de Boa Vista/Roraima. Método: A intervenção envolveu toda a equipe e teve a duração de 16 semanas, entre março a julho de 2015, nos quais foram instituídas ações direcionadas à organização e gestão do serviço, ao monitoramento e avaliação, à qualificação da prática clínica e ao engajamento público. Resultados: As ações permitiram qualificar o cuidado a 411 crianças, obtendo-se 98,6% da cobertura de atendimento, assim como a qualificação da prática clínica, adesão as ações com 100% de monitoramento do estado nutricional e desenvolvimento psicomotor, além da ampliação das atividades de promoção da saúde. Conclusão: A experiência contribuiu para melhorar a organização do serviço e integração da equipe alcançando resultados efetivos de cobertura e de qualidade da atenção relacionados a assistência a criança

Objective: This paper aims to describe the experience report of an intervention used to qualify the childcare provided by a Family Health Strategy service in the municipality of Boa Vista, Roraima State, Brazil. Methods: The intervention involved the entire team and lasted 16 weeks, over the period from March to July 2015, in which actions were performed for the organization and management of the service, monitoring and evaluation, qualification of clinical practice and public engagement. Results: The actions allowed to qualify the care to 411 children, obtaining 98.6% of care coverage, as well as the qualification of the clinical practice, compliance with the actions with 100% of nutritional status monitoring and psychomotor development, and the intensification of activities for health promotion. Conclusion: The experience contributed to improve the service organization and team integration, then achieving an effective coverage and quality of childcare

Objetivo: Averiguar la exposición de los trabajadores de la salud a riesgos físicos presentes en un hogar de ancianos. Métodos: estudio exploratorio descriptivo, de campo con un enfoque cuantitativo y de carácter transversal utilizando un inventario, preparado de conformidad con los requisitos de las resoluciones de la Junta Colegiada de ANVISA No. 283/2005 y 50/2002. Resultados: El campo de estudio tiene inadecuaciones frente a las normas establecidas por las resoluciones específicas exponiendo los trabajadores de salud a riesgos físicos, tales como: inadecuada distribución de los muebles descargas eléctricas, de humedad, de niveles de presión sonora, de falta de espacio y alta temperatura, entre otros. Conclusión: la institución estudiada no está de acuerdo con la legislación pertinente, y es evidente la presencia de riesgo físico que puede afectar la salud de los trabajadores y comprometer su calidad de trabajo

Nurses' contributions to good practices in child care: an integrative literature review.

OBJECTIVE: to identify scientific evidence on the contribution of nurses' work to good practices in child care in the Brazilian literature. METHOD: integrative review of the literature, carried out in Latin American and Caribbean in Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Brazilian Nursing Database (BDENF), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) database, from 2008 to 2018. RESULTS: 14 complete studies were selected for interpretative analysis. Two categories allowed responding to the initial questioning of the study, namely: Nurses' contributions in child care; and Limits for the nurse's role in child care. CONCLUSION: evidences show the importance of nurses in child care for the promotion of comprehensive care for children and their families. However, there are socioeconomic, cultural, institutional and technical factors that hinder the nurses' performance in this setting.

Nurses' contributions to good practices in child care: an integrative literature review / Contribuciones de los enfermeros para buenas prácticas en la puericultura: revisión integrativa de la literatura / Contribuições do enfermeiro para boas práticas na puericultura: revisão integrativa da literatura

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify scientific evidence on the contribution of nurses' work to good practices in child care in the Brazilian literature. Method: integrative review of the literature, carried out in Latin American and Caribbean in Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Brazilian Nursing Database (BDENF), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) database, from 2008 to 2018. Results: 14 complete studies were selected for interpretative analysis. Two categories allowed responding to the initial questioning of the study, namely: Nurses' contributions in child care; and Limits for the nurse's role in child care. Conclusion: evidences show the importance of nurses in child care for the promotion of comprehensive care for children and their families. However, there are socioeconomic, cultural, institutional and technical factors that hinder the nurses' performance in this setting.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar en la literatura brasileña las evidencias científicas sobre la contribución del trabajo del enfermero a buenas prácticas en la puericultura. Método: revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en las bases de datos Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied, en la base de datos bibliográfica de Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) (CINAHL) y Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), en el período de 2008 a 2018. Resultados: se seleccionaron 14 estudios completos para análisis interpretativo. Dos categorías permitieron responder al cuestionamiento inicial del estudio, a saber: Contribuciones del enfermero en la puericultura y Límites para la actuación del enfermero en la puericultura. Conclusión: las evidencias apuntan la importancia del enfermero en la puericultura para la promoción de un cuidado integral a los niños y sus familias. Sin embargo, existen factores socioeconómicos, culturales, institucionales y técnicos que dificultan la actuación del enfermero en ese escenario.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar na literatura brasileira as evidências científicas sobre a contribuição do trabalho do enfermeiro para boas práticas na puericultura. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (MEDLINE), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), no período de 2008 a 2018. Resultados: foram selecionados 14 estudos completos para análise interpretativa. Duas categorias permitiram responder ao questionamento inicial do estudo, a saber: Contribuições do enfermeiro na puericultura; e Limites para a atuação do enfermeiro na puericultura. Conclusão: as evidências apontam a importância do enfermeiro na puericultura para a promoção de um cuidado integral às crianças e suas famílias. Contudo, existem fatores socioeconômicos, culturais, institucionais e técnicos que dificultam a atuação do enfermeiro nesse cenário.

Transition in Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in India.

INTRODUCTION: Optimal infant and young child feeding, which includes initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth, exclusive breastfeeding for first six months, age appropriate complementary feeding after six months along with continued breastfeeding for 2 years and beyond, is a public health intervention to prevent child morbidity, mortality and malnutrition [1]. In India, even though institutional delivery rates are increasing, only 44% women are able to breastfeed their babies within one hour of delivery. While 65% children are exclusively breast fed for the first six months, the median duration of breastfeeding is 24.4 months and complementary feeding rates are 50%. To achieve optimal IYCF practices, each woman should have access to a community based IYCF counseling support system. Efforts are therefore needed to upgrade skill based training of health workers and revive and update the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). To promote and sustain breastfeeding amongst working women, it is essential to ensure adequate maternity leave, crèches at work place, flexible working hours, and provision of physical space for breast feeding at work place. It is imperative to also create public awareness about the dangers of bottle and formula feeding and to provide accurate information on the appropriate complementary food to be given to infants. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, India needs to make serious efforts to overcome malnutrition with not only prioritized IYCF policies but also their effective implementation in place.

Estabelecimento de vínculo com a mãe adolescente: vislumbrando o cuidado à criança / Establecimiento de relaciones con la madre de adolescente: vislumbrandocuidado de niños / Bond creating with the teenage mother: glimpsing child care

This article aims to describe the relationship and bond formation among the nurse and the teenage mother in the process of childcare consultation. Methods: qualitative study. Five nurses and three teenagers took part as subjects to the study. Such study was conducted from February to May 2011 in a Basic Health Unitin Fortaleza-CE, using systematic observation and semi-structured interview. The information gathered from the interviews was submitted to the Bardin content analysis method. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the State University of Ceará, on opinion number 04252522-5. Results: category 1: nursing consultation in childcare promotes bonding between the nurse, the mother, the child and the family. Category2: the nurse reinforces the co-responsibility with the teenage mother. Conclusion: receiving with respect and dignity was mentioned as an important strategy to welcome the teenager and to bond with her...

Descrever as relações e a formação de vínculo do enfermeiro com a mãe adolescente na consulta de puericultura. Método: estudo qualitativo. Participaram cinco enfermeiros e três mães adolescentes.Realizado de fevereiro a maio de 2011 em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Fortaleza-CE, utilizando a observação sistemática e a entrevista semiestruturada. As informações colhidas das entrevistas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo de Bardin. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, sobre o Parecer no 04252522-5. Resultados: categoria 1: a consulta de enfermagem em puericultura promove o vínculo do enfermeiro entre a mãe, a criança e a família. Categoria 2: o enfermeiro reforça a corresponsabilidade com a mãe adolescente. Conclusão: receber com respeito e dignidade foi referido como importante estratégia profissional para acolher e estabelecer o vínculo com a adolescente...

Describir la relación y la formación de enlaces de la enfermera con la madre adolescente en el cuidado de los niños en consulta médica. Métodos: estudio cualitativo. Con la asistencia de cinco enfermeras y tres madres adolescentes. Realizado entre febrero y mayo de 2011 en una Unidad Básica de Salud de Fortaleza-CE, mediante la observación sistemática y la entrevista semiestructurada. La información obtenida de las entrevistas fueron sometidas a análisis de contenido de Bardin. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad Estadual de Ceará, por el parecer 04252522-5. Resultados: categoría 1: consulta de enfermería en el cuidado infantil promueve el vínculo entre la madre con la enfermera, el niño y la familia. Categoría 2: la enfermera refuerza la corresponsabilidad con la madre adolescente. Conclusión: recibir con respeto y dignidad se mencionó como una estrategia profesional importante para dar la bienvenida y establecer el vínculo con el adolescente...

Brief Report: Burden of Care in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder or Intellectual Disability.

Compared to other mothers, mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability (ID) have higher rates of treatment episodes for psychiatric disorders. We aimed to estimate the maternal burden of care by comparing the length of hospitalisations for psychiatric disorders and the treatment rates for psychiatric disorders after the birth in mothers of children with ASD/ID and no psychiatric history to that of other mothers with no psychiatric history. Mothers of children with ID of known cause (not Down syndrome) and mothers of children ASD without ID emerged as particularly vulnerable. Mothers of children with Down syndrome were resilient. The development of specialised organisations to provide support to mothers of children with ID of known cause (not Down syndrome) and mothers of children with ASD without ID could assist them to maintain their mental health.